Match List I with List II
| LIST I | LIST II | ||
| A. | Balance theory of attitude change | I. | Stereotype |
| B. | improvement in performance in the presence of others | II. | Fritz Heider |
| C. | Cluster of negative ideas about a specific group (cognitive) | III. | Social facilitation |
| D. | Two concept theory of attitude | IV. | S. M. Mohsin |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 1
The correct answer is Option (1) → A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
(A) Balance theory of attitude change — this matches (II) Fritz Heider. Heider’s concept of balance, shown as the P-O-X triangle, says that an attitude changes when the three relationships are out of balance.
(B) improvement in performance in the presence of others — this matches (III) Social facilitation. The presence of others leads to arousal and can enhance the performance of a person who is already good at the task.
(C) Cluster of negative ideas about a specific group (cognitive) — this matches (I) Stereotype. A stereotype is a cluster of ideas regarding the characteristics of a specific group; it is the cognitive component of prejudice and often consists of undesirable characteristics.
(D) Two concept theory of attitude — this matches (IV) S. M. Mohsin. The Indian psychologist S.M. Mohsin proposed the two-step concept of attitude change: the target first identifies with the source, and then the source’s own attitude change leads the target to change.
NCERT (2025-26): “Attitude Change … The concept of balance, proposed by Fritz Heider is sometimes described in the form of the ‘P-O-X’ triangle, which represents the relationships between three aspects or components of the attitude. P is the person whose attitude is being studied, O is another person, and X is the topic towards which the attitude is being studied (attitude object).…” “Attitude Change … The two-step concept was proposed by S.M. Mohsin, an Indian psychologist. According to him, attitude change takes place in the form of two steps.…” “…As will be discussed below in the section on social cognition, a stereotype is a cluster of ideas regarding the characteristics of a specific group. All members belonging to this group are assumed to possess these characteristics.…” “Social Loafing … Social facilitation research suggests that presence of others leads to arousal and can motivate individuals to enhance their performance if they are already good at solving something. This enhancement occurs when a person’s efforts are individually evaluated.…” |