Which among the following is the main component of oral contraceptive?

Progestogen–estrogen combinations

The correct answer is Option (3) – Progestogen–estrogen combinations

Oral administration of small doses of either progestogens or progestogen–estrogen combinations is a contraceptive method used by the females. They are used in the form of tablets and hence are popularly called the pills.

Pills have to be taken daily for a period of 21 days starting preferably within the first five days of menstrual cycle. After a gap of 7 days (during which menstruation occurs) it has to be repeated in the same pattern till the female desires to prevent conception.

They inhibit ovulation and implantation as well as alter the quality of cervical mucus to prevent/retard entry of sperms. Pills are very effective with lesser side effects and are well accepted by the females .

Emergency contraception pills can either prevent pregnancy or terminate pregnancy early on when intercourse has occured without the use of of any birth control method . 'Saheli' pill is taken once in a week after an initial intake of twice a week dose for three months.It has high contraceptive value with very little side effects.