Match List I with List II

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I

The correct answer is option 4. A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I.

Let us delve into each matching:

(A) Vitamin A : (II) Xerophthalmia

Vitamin A, also known as retinol, is a fat-soluble vitamin essential for vision, immune function, and cell growth. A deficiency in vitamin A can lead to xerophthalmia, a condition characterized by dryness, thickening, and ulceration of the conjunctiva and cornea of the eyes. Xerophthalmia can progress from night blindness to more severe eye problems if left untreated.

(B) Thiamine :  (III) Beri-Beri

Thiamine, also known as vitamin B1, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in energy metabolism, particularly in carbohydrate metabolism. A deficiency of thiamine can lead to beriberi, a disease characterized by weakness, fatigue, nerve damage (peripheral neuropathy), heart problems (including enlarged heart and heart failure), and edema. There are two main types of beriberi: wet beriberi, which affects the cardiovascular system, and dry beriberi, which affects the nervous system.

(C) Glucocorticoids: (IV) Addison's disease

Glucocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones produced by the adrenal glands that are involved in regulating various physiological processes, including metabolism, immune response, and stress response. Addison's disease, also known as primary adrenal insufficiency, occurs when the adrenal glands fail to produce adequate amounts of glucocorticoids (such as cortisol) and mineralocorticoids (such as aldosterone). Symptoms of Addison's disease may include fatigue, weight loss, low blood pressure, dehydration, salt craving, hyperpigmentation of the skin, and gastrointestinal symptoms.

(D) Estradiol: (I) Menstrual cycle

Estradiol is the primary sex hormone in females and the main type of estrogen. It plays a crucial role in the development and maintenance of female reproductive tissues and secondary sexual characteristics. Estradiol levels fluctuate throughout the menstrual cycle, with higher levels during the follicular phase (prior to ovulation) and lower levels during the luteal phase (after ovulation). Estradiol is responsible for stimulating the growth of the uterine lining (endometrium) during the menstrual cycle, preparing it for potential implantation of a fertilized egg. Changes in estradiol levels also influence ovulation, cervical mucus production, and other aspects of the menstrual cycle.

Each matching represents a specific relationship between a substance or hormone and a related condition or physiological process. Understanding these relationships is essential for medical diagnosis, treatment, and understanding of physiological mechanisms.

Therefore, the detailed explanation for the matching is 4. A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I