Match List-I with List-II.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

(A)-(III), (B)-(II), (C)-(IV), (D)-(I)

The correct answer is option 2- (A)-(III), (B)-(II), (C)-(IV), (D)-(I).

(A) Planning- (III) Selecting an alternative to achieve goals efficiently and effectively.
Planning is deciding in advance what to do and how to do. It is one of the basic managerial functions. Before doing something, the manager must formulate an idea of how to work on a particular task. Thus, planning is closely connected with creativity and innovation. But the manager would first have to set objectives, only then will a manager know where he has to go. Planning seeks to bridge the gap between where we are and where we want to go. Planning is what managers at all levels do. It requires taking decisions since it involves making a choice from alternative courses of action.

(B) Organizing- (II) Deciding a hierarchical structure.
 Organising can be defined as a process that initiates implementation of plans by clarifying jobs and working relationships and effectively deploying resources for attainment of identified and desired results (goals). Each individual should also know who he has to take orders from and to whom he is accountable. The establishment of such clear relationships helps to create a hierarchal structure and helps in coordination amongst various departments.

(C) Directing- (IV) Communicating effectively and supervising employees. 
Directing refers to the process of instructing, guiding, counselling, motivating and leading people in the organisation to achieve its objectives. Directing is not a mere issue of communication but encompasses many elements like supervision, motivation and leadership. It is one of the key managerial functions performed by every manager. Directing is a managerial process which takes place throughout the life of an organisation.

(D) Controlling- (I) Establishing standards of performance and measuring current performance.
Controlling means ensuring that activities in an organisation are performed as per the plans. Controlling also ensures that an organisation’s resources are being used effectively and efficiently for the achievement of predetermined goals. Controlling is, thus, a goal-oriented function. Controlling should not be misunderstood as the last function of management. It is a function that brings back the management cycle back to the planning function. The controlling function finds out how far actual performance deviates from standards, analyses the causes of such deviations and attempts to take corrective actions based on the same.