Arrange the following in a sequence, explaining: Theory of Multiple Intelligences, Triarchic theory, Guilford's Structure of Intellect theory, Arthur Jensen's Hierarchical Model, and Charles Spearman's theory respectively :
(A) Describes Componential, Experiential, Contextual intelligence
(B) Describes eight types of intelligences
(C) Describes abilities operating at two levels called level I and level II
(D) Describes intellectual traits among three dimensions operations, contents and products
(E) Describes intelligence as consisting of a general factor and some specific factors
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → (B), (A), (D), (C), (E)
Theory of Multiple Intelligences — (B) Describes eight types of intelligences. Howard Gardner studied extremely talented persons and described eight types of intelligence, each independent of the others.
Triarchic theory — (A) Describes Componential, Experiential, Contextual intelligence. Robert Sternberg proposed three basic types of intelligence: componential, experiential and contextual.
Guilford’s Structure of Intellect theory — (D) Describes intellectual traits among three dimensions operations, contents and products. J.P. Guilford’s model classifies intellectual traits among three dimensions: what the person does (operations), the material worked on (contents) and the form of the result (products).
Arthur Jensen’s Hierarchical Model — (C) Describes abilities operating at two levels called level I and level II. Level I is associative learning, such as rote learning and memory; Level II, cognitive competence, involves higher-order skills that transform the input.
Charles Spearman’s theory — (E) Describes intelligence as consisting of a general factor and some specific factors. Spearman’s two-factor theory holds that intelligence consists of a general factor (g-factor) and some specific factors (s-factors).
NCERT (2025-26): “Theories of Intelligence … Spearman proposed a two-factor theory of intelligence employing a statistical method called factor analysis. He showed that intelligence consisted of a general factor (g-factor) and some specific factors (s-factors).…” “…Arthur Jensen proposed a hierarchical model of intelligence consisting of abilities operating at two levels, called Level I and Level II. Level I is the associative learning in which output is more or less similar to the input (e.g., rote learning and memory). Level II, called cognitive competence, involves higher-order skills as they transform the input to produce an effective output.…” “…J.P. Guilford proposed the structure-of-intellect model which classifies intellectual traits among three dimensions: operations, contents, and products.…” “Theory of Multiple Intelligences … Howard Gardner proposed the theory of multiple intelligences. According to him, intelligence is not a single entity; rather distinct types of intelligences exist. Each of these intelligences are independent of each other. This means that, if a person exhibits one type of intelligence, it does not necessarily indicate being high or low on other types of intelligences. Gardner also put forth that different types of intelligences interact and work together to find a solution to a problem. Gardner studied extremely talented persons, who had shown exceptional abilities in their respective areas, and described eight types of intelligence. These are as follows:…” “Triarchic Theory of Intelligence … Robert Sternberg (1985) proposed the triarchic theory of intelligence. Sternberg views intelligence as ‘the ability to adapt, to shape and select environment to accomplish one’s goals and those of one’s society and culture’. According to this theory, there are three basic types of intelligence: Componential, Experiential, and Contextual.…” |