The correct answer is option 3. Sulfuric acid.
"Oil of vitriol" is an antiquated name for sulfuric acid (\(H_2SO_4\)), a highly corrosive and strong mineral acid. Here's an explanation of its properties and uses:
1. Chemical Composition: Sulfuric acid is composed of hydrogen (H), sulfur (S), and oxygen (O). Its molecular formula is \(H_2SO_4\), indicating that each molecule contains two hydrogen atoms, one sulfur atom, and four oxygen atoms.
2. Acidic Properties: Sulfuric acid is a strong acid, meaning that it dissociates completely in water to release hydrogen ions (\(H^+\)). This makes it highly acidic with a low pH. Sulfuric acid reacts vigorously with bases, metals, and other substances, and it can cause severe burns upon contact with skin.
3. Industrial Uses: Sulfuric acid is one of the most widely used chemicals in industry. It is used in the production of fertilizers, particularly phosphate fertilizers like superphosphate. It is also used in the manufacturing of chemicals such as synthetic detergents, dyes, pigments, explosives, and pharmaceuticals. Additionally, sulfuric acid is a key component in lead-acid batteries used in vehicles and backup power systems.
4. Descriptive Name: The term "oil of vitriol" is derived from the Latin term "oleum vitrioli," which translates to "oil of glass" or "oil of vitriol." The term "vitriol" historically referred to various sulfates or sulfuric acid compounds. The use of "oil" likely originated from the oily appearance of concentrated sulfuric acid.
Overall, sulfuric acid plays a crucial role in various industrial processes due to its corrosive properties and versatile applications. However, it requires careful handling and strict safety precautions due to its hazardous nature. |
