In RNA interference (RNAi), what is the result of the formation of double-stranded RNA in the host plant?

Silencing of specific mRNA and prevention of nematode survival

The correct answer is Option (3) –Silencing of specific mRNA and prevention of nematode survival

Several nematodes infect a wide variety of plants and animals including human beings. A nematode Meloidegyne incognitia infects the roots of tobacco plants which reduce the production of tobacco plants and reduces the production of tobacco. Thus, to prevent this infection a strategy is adopted known as RNA interface (RNAi) which takes place in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defence. This method involves silencing of mRNA due to complementary dsRNA molecule that binds to it and prevents the process of translation of mRNA.

The infection can be prevented using RNA interference process which is checked by silencing of specific mRNA due to a complementary ds RNA. The ds RNA binds and prevents translation of the mRNA. By using Agrobacterium vectors, nematode-specific genes were introduced into the host plants which produce both sense and antisense RNA in the host cells. These two RNAs are complementary to each other and form a double stranded RNA (ds RNA) that initiates RNAi and hence, silences the specific mRNA of the nematode. The parasite cannot survive in transgenic host and so, prevents the plants from pests.