Which of the following statements are correct?

A. Some hormones are steroids

B. Hyper thyroidism is due to increased level of thyroxine.

C. Hyperthyroidism can be controlled by reducing 'iodized' salt intake.

D. Glucagon tends to increase the glucose level in blood.

E. Insulin is released in response to rapid rise in blood glucose level.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

D, E, A, B only

The correct answer s option 4. D, E, A, B only.

Let us analyze each statement in detail to understand why they are correct or incorrect.

A. Some hormones are steroids

Steroid Hormones: Steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol and include hormones such as cortisol, aldosterone, estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone. These hormones are lipid-soluble and can easily pass through cell membranes to interact with intracellular receptors, influencing gene expression and cell function.

Correct Statement: This is correct because many hormones, especially those involved in reproductive and stress responses, are steroids.

B. Hyperthyroidism is due to increased level of thyroxine.

Hyperthyroidism: This condition occurs when the thyroid gland produces too much thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones regulate metabolism, and their excess leads to symptoms such as rapid heartbeat, weight loss, sweating, and anxiety.

Correct Statement: This is correct because the hallmark of hyperthyroidism is an elevated level of thyroid hormones, particularly thyroxine.

C. Hyperthyroidism can be controlled by reducing 'iodized' salt intake.

Iodine and Thyroid Function: Iodine is a crucial component of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4). The thyroid gland uses iodine from the diet to produce these hormones. However, in hyperthyroidism, the thyroid is overactive, not due to excess iodine intake but often due to other causes like Graves' disease or thyroid nodules.

Incorrect Statement: Reducing iodized salt intake is not a recognized treatment for hyperthyroidism. Treatment typically involves medications that inhibit thyroid hormone production, radioactive iodine therapy, or surgery. Reducing iodine intake could be harmful, especially if the cause of hyperthyroidism isn't linked to excess iodine.

D. Glucagon tends to increase the glucose level in blood.

Glucagon Function: Glucagon is a hormone produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas. It plays a critical role in glucose homeostasis by stimulating the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose (glycogenolysis) and release it into the bloodstream, thus increasing blood glucose levels.

Correct Statement: This is correct because glucagon’s primary function is to raise blood glucose levels, especially during fasting or low blood sugar conditions.

E. Insulin is released in response to rapid rise in blood glucose level.

Insulin Function: Insulin is a hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreas. It helps cells absorb glucose from the bloodstream, lowering blood glucose levels. When blood glucose levels rise rapidly after a meal, insulin is secreted to help manage and store the excess glucose.

Correct Statement: This is correct because insulin release is directly triggered by an increase in blood glucose levels, ensuring that glucose is taken up by cells for energy or stored for later use.

Summary:

Correct Statements: A (Some hormones are steroids), B (Hyperthyroidism is due to increased level of thyroxine), D (Glucagon tends to increase the glucose level in blood), and E (Insulin is released in response to rapid rise in blood glucose level).

Incorrect Statement: C (Hyperthyroidism can be controlled by reducing 'iodized' salt intake) is incorrect because reducing iodized salt is not a standard or effective treatment for hyperthyroidism.