The correct answer is Option 2: Rationing
- Price Ceiling: A price ceiling is a government-imposed maximum price that can be charged for a product. It may cause shortages but does not directly ensure fair distribution.
- Rationing: When a shortage occurs, the government may introduce a rationing system to ensure fair distribution of goods among consumers by limiting the quantity each person can buy.
- Buffer Stock: The government maintains buffer stock to stabilize prices and ensure supply, but it is not a direct system of distribution during a shortage.
- Subsidy: A subsidy reduces the price of goods by providing financial assistance but does not regulate distribution during a shortage.
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