Match List I with List II
| List I | List II |
| A. Liquation | I. As, Mn, P |
| B. Distillation | II. Cu, Ag |
| C. Oxidation | III. Sn, Pb, Hg |
| D. Bessemerization | IV. Hg, Cd, Zn |
Choose the correct answer from the option given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I
The refining method is chosen according to the property that separates the metal from its impurities:
A. Liquation — This matches III. Sn, Pb, Hg. A low melting metal such as tin or lead is made to flow down a sloping hearth, leaving the higher melting impurities behind.
B. Distillation — This matches IV. Hg, Cd, Zn. Low boiling metals such as zinc, cadmium and mercury are evaporated and collected as the distillate.
C. Oxidation — This matches II. Cu, Ag. When the impurities are more easily oxidised than the metal, the molten metal is heated in air; the impurities form oxides and are removed. Copper (poling) and silver (cupellation, where the lead impurity is oxidised to PbO) are refined in this way.
D. Bessemerisation — This matches I. As, Mn, P. Air is blown through the molten metal in a Bessemer converter, and impurities such as arsenic, manganese and phosphorus are oxidised and removed in the slag (as in converting pig iron to steel).
Note: This question is from the pre-rationalised NCERT book (2022-23). The topic is not there in the latest NCERT book (2026-27), and it is also out of the CUET 2026 syllabus.