Match List I with List II

Choose the correct answer from the option given below:

A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I

The correct answer is option 2. A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I.

Let us go through each process in List I and match it to the appropriate metals or elements in List II, explaining the rationale behind each match in detail.

A. Liquation : III. Sn, Pb, Hg

Liquation is a method used to separate metals based on their melting points. It is typically used to separate a metal with a low melting point from one with a higher melting point. Metals that are commonly separated by liquation include:

Tin (Sn): Melts at 232°C

Lead (Pb): Melts at 327°C

Mercury (Hg): Melts at -39°C

These metals are separated from a mixture where they can be selectively melted away, leaving behind metals with higher melting points.

B. Distillation : IV. Hg, Cd, Zn

Distillation is a technique used to separate substances based on differences in their boiling points. In metallurgy, it’s used to purify metals by removing impurities or to separate volatile metals. Metals often separated by distillation include:

Mercury (Hg): Boils at 357°C

Cadmium (Cd): Boils at 767°C

Zinc (Zn): Boils at 907°C
 
These metals can be separated from mixtures by heating and condensing their vapors.

C. Oxidation : II. Cu, Ag

Oxidation is a chemical process where a substance loses electrons, often used to remove impurities or to convert a metal into its oxide form. Metals involved in oxidation processes include:

Copper (Cu): Can be oxidized to copper oxide (CuO or Cu₂O)

Silver (Ag): Can be oxidized to silver oxide (Ag₂O)

These metals are often treated with oxidizing agents to remove impurities or to produce oxides for further processing.

D. Bessemerization : I. As, Mn, P

Bessemerization is a process used in steelmaking to convert pig iron into steel by blowing air through the molten iron to oxidize impurities. Impurities removed or converted include: Arsenic (As), Manganese (Mn), Phosphorus (P).
 
These impurities are oxidized during the Bessemer process, which improves the quality of the steel.

This match accurately reflects the processes and the corresponding elements/metals based on their industrial applications.