Match List-I with List-II List-I List-II Materials Conductivity (S m)…

The correct answer is Option (4) → (A) - (III), (B) - (IV), (C) - (I), (D) - (II)

List-I	List-II
Materials	Conductivity $(S m)^{-1}$
(A) Gold	$ \text{(III) }4.5\times10^3 $
(B) Germanium	$ \text{(IV) }2.0 $
(C) Glass	$ \text{(I) }1.0\times10^{-16} $
(D) Graphite	$ \text{(II) }1.2\times10 $

Electrical conductivity (o) is a fundamental property of a material that quantifies its ability to allow the flow of an electric current. It is the reciprocal of electrical resistivity.SI Unit: Siemens per metre (S/m).Materials are classified based on their conductivity levels:

Conductors: Have high conductivity due to a high density of free charge carriers (e.g., metals).

Semiconductors: Have intermediate conductivity that can be manipulated by temperature or impurities (e.g., silicon, germanium).

Insulators: Have very low conductivity as their electrons are tightly bound (e.g., rubber, glass, pure water).

Conductivity varies widely depending on whether the material is a conductor, semiconductor or insulator.

Conductivity of Materials

Material	Conductivity (S/m)	Description
Silver	$6.3 \times 10^7$	Best known conductor
Copper	$5.8 \times 10^7$	Most used for wiring due to cost/efficiency
Gold	$4.1 \times 10^7$	Used for corrosion-resistant contacts
Seawater	$\approx 5$	Conductive due to dissolved salts
Rubber	$\approx 10^{-14}$	Strong insulator

Detailed Explanation: Gold

Gold is an excellent conductor.

Hence it has very high conductivity.

In the provided matching context:

Matches with: $4.5 \times 10^3$

$(A) \rightarrow (III)$.

Germanium

Germanium is a semiconductor.

Its conductivity is moderate.

Matches with: $2.0$

$(B) \rightarrow (IV)$

Glass

Glass is an insulator.

Its conductivity is extremely low.

Matches with: $1.0 \times 10^{-16}$

$(C) \rightarrow (I)$

Graphite

Graphite conducts due to delocalized electrons.

But less than metals.

Matches with: $1.2 \times 10$

$(D) \rightarrow (II)$