List of Ligands are given below from spectrochemical series, rearrange in the order of increasing field strength:

A. \(SCN^-\)

B. \(Cl^-\)

C. \(F^-\)

D. \(OH^-\)

E. \(CN^-\)

Choose the answer from the options given below:

A < B < C < D < E

The correct answer is option 3. A < B < C < D < E.

The spectrochemical series is a ranking of ligands based on their ability to cause splitting of d-orbitals in transition metal complexes. This series helps predict the extent of the d-orbital splitting, which in turn influences the colors and magnetic properties of these complexes.

The series typically progresses from weak-field ligands to strong-field ligands. Weak-field ligands cause small energy differences between the d orbitals, leading to low splitting, while strong-field ligands cause larger energy differences and greater splitting.

Here's a simplified version of the spectrochemical series, arranged from weak to strong field ligands:

\(I^− < Br^− < S^{2−} < SCN^− < Cl^− < NO_3^− < N_3^− < F^− < OH^− < C_2O_4^{2−} < H_2O < NCS^− < CH_3CN < py < NH_3 < en < bipy < phen < NO_2^− < PPh_3 < CN^− < CO\)

This order helps in understanding the electronic structure and properties of transition metal complexes. For example, complexes formed with strong-field ligands tend to have lower spin states, making them less likely to be paramagnetic and often exhibiting different colors compared to complexes formed with weak-field ligands.