Which one of the following is a correct statement about dormancy?

Embryonal state of inactivity.

The correct answer is Option (2) → Embryonal state of inactivity. 

As the seed matures, its water content is reduced and seeds become relatively dry (10-15 per cent moisture by mass). The general metabolic activity of the embryo slows down. The embryo may enter a state of inactivity called dormancy, or if favourable conditions are available (adequate moisture, oxygen and suitable temperature), they germinate.

Dormancy is a period during which the seed remains in an inactive state and is unable to grow. This can be due to various factors such as an underdeveloped or inactive embryo, or the absence of other necessary conditions required for growth, including specific environmental cues like light or temperature. Dormancy serves as a protective mechanism for the seed, allowing it to remain viable and capable of germination even under unfavorable conditions.

During seed germination, the embryo inside the seed reactivates and starts to grow. Water is an essential requirement for this process as it triggers various metabolic activities within the seed, leading to cell expansion, enzyme activation, and other vital biochemical processes. The entry of water through the micropyle helps to rehydrate the dormant tissues and activate cellular metabolism.