Match List I with List-II

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

(A)- (II), (B)- (III), (C)- (IV), (D) -(I)

The correct answer is Option (2) → (A)- (II), (B)- (III), (C)- (IV), (D) -(I)

A. DNA cloning is a molecular biology technique used to make multiple identical copies of a specific DNA sequence or template DNA. DNA cloning is the process of producing identical copies of a specific DNA fragment. It typically involves inserting the DNA fragment into a vector (like a plasmid), which is then introduced into a host cell (often a bacterium). As the host cell grows and divides, it replicates the inserted DNA along with its own DNA.

B. A plasmid is an extrachromosomal DNA molecule, meaning it exists outside the main chromosomal DNA of a cell. It is double-stranded, not single-stranded, and typically has a circular structure. Plasmids are capable of self-replication, which means they can replicate independently of the bacterial chromosome. This property allows them to be inherited by new cells during cell division.

C. Origin of replication (ori) is a sequence from where replication starts and any piece of DNA when linked to this sequence can be made to replicate within the host cells. This sequence is also responsible for controlling the copy number of the linked DNA. So, if one wants to recover many copies of the target DNA it should be cloned in a vector whose origin support high copy number.

D. Restriction enzymes belong to a larger class of enzymes called nucleases. These are of two kinds; exonucleases and endonucleases. Exonucleases remove nucleotides from the ends of the DNA whereas, endonucleases make cuts at specific positions within the DNA.