Read the passage and answer the question:

Krishnadeva Raya's rule was characterised by expansion and consolidation. This was the time when the land between the Tungabhadra and Krishna rivers (the Raichur doab) was acquired (1512), the rulers of Orissa were subdued (1514) and severe defeats were inflicted on the Sultan of Bijapur (1520). Although the kingdom remained in a constant state of military preparedness. It flourished under conditions of unparalleled peace and prosperity. Krishnadeva Raya is credited with building some fine temples and adding impressive gopurams to many important South Indian temples.

Which of the following was not a reason for the unparalleled peace and prosperity of the region referred in the paragraph?

Chauth and Sardeshmukhi taxes collected from the neighbouring states.

The correct answer is Option (4) → Chauth and Sardeshmukhi taxes collected from the neighbouring states.

The passage discusses Krishnadeva Raya's efforts in expanding and consolidating his kingdom, acquiring fertile lands (Raichur Doab), and maintaining military preparedness while ensuring peace and prosperity. The options regarding political expansion, administrative consolidation, and inclusion of fertile lands align with the reasons provided in the passage for the prosperity of the region.

However, Chauth and Sardeshmukhi taxes are terms associated with the Marathas (not Krishnadeva Raya) and do not find any reference in the passage. Hence, this option is incorrect as a reason for the prosperity mentioned.