Which of the following indicates the role of state?

a. Framing laws

b. Delivering justice

c. Undertaking production

d. Imposing taxes

e. Spending money on building public infrastructure

a, b, d, e

The correct answer is option 3: a, b, d, e

Here's the breakdown:

• Framing laws (a): Legislation is a primary function of the state, enabling it to establish and enforce rules and regulations governing society.

• Delivering justice (b): Ensuring fair and impartial administration of justice is another core responsibility of the state, typically through the judicial system.

• Imposing taxes (d): Taxation is a means through which the state generates revenue to finance its activities and provide public goods and services.

• Spending money on building public infrastructure (e): The state often invests in infrastructure projects such as roads, bridges, schools, and hospitals to promote economic development and improve the quality of life for its citizens.

While undertaking some production (c) can be a role of the state in certain contexts, it's not a universally defining role. State means government. The role of the state includes framing laws, enforcing them and delivering justice. The state, in many instances, undertakes production – apart from imposing taxes and spending money on building public infrastructure, running schools, colleges, providing health services etc. But the role of government is production is NOT universal.