In an ecosystem, vertical distribution of different species occupying different levels is called ______.

stratification

The correct answer is Option (4) – stratification

In an ecosystem, the vertical distribution of different species occupying different levels is called stratification.

Explanation:

• Stratification refers to the arrangement of organisms into layers or strata based on their vertical distribution within an ecosystem.
• This vertical distribution often corresponds to the different levels of the ecosystem, such as the canopy, understory, forest floor in a forest ecosystem, or the different layers of water in aquatic ecosystems.
• Each stratum or layer may have distinct environmental conditions, such as light availability, temperature, and humidity, which influence the types of species that can thrive in each layer.
• Stratification is essential for understanding the structure and dynamics of ecosystems, as it affects species interactions, resource availability, and overall ecosystem function.