In order to fabricate n-type semiconductor, the impurity elements used are
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → donor atoms like Phosphorous, Arsenic.
In an n-type semiconductor, extra electrons are introduced to increase conduction. This is achieved by doping the semiconductor (Si or Ge) with pentavalent atoms (5 valence electrons) like Phosphorus or Arsenic. Four electrons form covalent bonds with the semiconductor lattice, leaving the fifth electron free to move and contribute to electrical conduction.