What factor influences the evolution of life history traits in organisms?

Abiotic and biotic components of the habitat

The correct answer is Option (3) -Abiotic and biotic components of the habitat

Life history traits, such as the number of offspring, reproductive strategy, and lifespan, evolve in response to both abiotic (non-living environmental factors like temperature, water, and climate) and biotic (living factors like predators, competitors, and food sources) components of the habitat. Organisms adapt to these constraints to maximize their reproductive success and survival in their specific environment.

Predation, environmental stress, and food availability are all biotic and abiotic components of the habitat, but the broader term "abiotic and biotic components" encompasses all these factors together. Therefore, option C is the most accurate.