What is the nature of Zinc oxide (ZnO)?

Amphoteric

The nature of zinc oxide \((ZnO)\) is amphoteric. This means that it can react with both acids and bases. In the presence of an acid, \(ZnO\) will react to form zinc salt and water. For example, with hydrochloric acid, \(ZnO\) will react to form zinc chloride and water:

\(ZnO + 2 HCl → ZnCl_2 + H_2O\)

In the presence of a base, \(ZnO\) will react to form zinc hydroxide and water. For example, with sodium hydroxide, \(ZnO\) will react to form zinc hydroxide and water:

\(ZnO + 2 NaOH → Na_2ZnO_2 + H_2O\)

The amphoteric nature of \(ZnO\) is due to its structure. \(ZnO\) is a semiconductor with a hexagonal crystal structure. The zinc atoms are located in the center of the hexagonal lattice, and the oxygen atoms are located at the vertices of the hexagons. This structure gives \(ZnO\) a high electrical conductivity, which allows it to react with both acids and bases.

The amphoteric nature of \(ZnO\) makes it a versatile material with a wide range of applications. It is used in a variety of products, including sunscreens, cosmetics, paints, and plastics. It is also used in the production of batteries, sensors, and semiconductors