Match List I with List II:
| List I | List II | ||
| (A) | Chishti Tradition | (I) | The Absolute or 'rab' had no gender or form. |
| (B) | Alvars and Nayanars | (II) | Used terms such as 'shabda' or 'shunya' drawn from yogic tradition. |
| (C) | Baba Guru Nanak | (III) | Following austerity. |
| (D) | Kabir | (IV) | Initiated a movement against the caste system and dominance of Brahmans. |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)
(A) Chishti Tradition — this matches (III) Following austerity. A major feature of the Chishti tradition was austerity, including maintaining a distance from worldly power.
(B) Alvars and Nayanars — this matches (IV) Initiated a movement against the caste system and dominance of Brahmans. Some historians suggest that the Alvars and Nayanars initiated a movement of protest against the caste system and the dominance of Brahmanas, or at least tried to reform it; their bhaktas came from diverse social backgrounds.
(C) Baba Guru Nanak — this matches (I) The Absolute or ‘rab’ had no gender or form. For Baba Guru Nanak, the Absolute or “rab” had no gender or form; he advocated a form of nirguna bhakti.
(D) Kabir — this matches (II) Used terms such as ‘shabda’ or ‘shunya’ drawn from yogic tradition. Kabir drew on many traditions to describe the Ultimate Reality; terms with mystical connotations such as shabda (sound) or shunya (emptiness) were drawn from yogic traditions.
NCERT (2026-27): “7.4 Sufis and the state … A major feature of the Chishti tradition was austerity, including maintaining a distance from worldly power.… 2.2 Attitudes towards caste … Some historians suggest that the Alvars and Nayanars initiated a movement of protest against the caste system and the dominance of Brahmanas or at least attempted to reform the system. To some extent this is corroborated by the fact that bhaktas hailed from diverse social backgrounds ranging from Brahmanas to artisans and cultivators and even from castes considered ‘untouchable’.… 8.2 Baba Guru Nanak and the Sacred Word … He firmly repudiated the external practices of the religions he saw around him. He rejected sacrifices, ritual baths, image worship, austerities and the scriptures of both Hindus and Muslims. For Baba Guru Nanak, the Absolute or ‘rab’ had no gender or form.… 8.1 Weaving a divine fabric: Kabir … Also striking is the range of traditions Kabir drew on to describe the Ultimate Reality. These include Islam: he described the Ultimate Reality as Allah, Khuda, Hazrat and Pir. He also used terms drawn from Vedantic traditions, alakh (the unseen), nirakar (formless), Brahman, Atman, etc. Other terms with mystical connotations such as shabda (sound) or shunya (emptiness) were drawn from yogic traditions.…” |