Match List I with List II.
| LIST I Officer | LIST II Duty | ||
| (A) | Amil Guzar | (I) | Accountant |
| (B) | Mandal | (II) | Revenue Collector |
| (C) | Patwari | (III) | Village Headman |
| (D) | Diwan | (IV) | Supervisor of the Fiscal System |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
(A) Amil Guzar — this matches (II) Revenue Collector. Akbar laid down a list of duties for the amil-guzar or revenue collector: he was to make cultivators pay in cash, while keeping payment in kind open too.
(B) Mandal — this matches (III) Village Headman. The village headman, who headed the panchayat, was known as muqaddam or mandal.
(C) Patwari — this matches (I) Accountant. The headman supervised the preparation of village accounts, assisted by the accountant or patwari of the panchayat.
(D) Diwan — this matches (IV) Supervisor of the Fiscal System. The office (daftar) of the diwan was responsible for supervising the fiscal system of the empire.
NCERT (2026-27): “2. The Village Community … We have seen that peasants held their lands in individual ownership. At the same time they belonged to a collective village community as far as many aspects of their social existence were concerned. There were three constituents of this community – the cultivators, the panchayat, and the village headman (muqaddam or mandal).… 2.2 Panchayats and headmen … The panchayat was headed by a headman known as muqaddam or mandal. Some sources suggest that the headman was chosen through the consensus of the village elders, and that this choice had to be ratified by the zamindar. Headmen held office as long as they enjoyed the confidence of the village elders, failing which they could be dismissed by them. The chief function of the headman was to supervise the preparation of village accounts, assisted by the accountant or patwari of the panchayat.… 6. Land Revenue System … Revenue from the land was the economic mainstay of the Mughal Empire. It was therefore vital for the state to create an administrative apparatus to ensure control over agricultural production, and to fix and collect revenue from across the length and breadth of the rapidly expanding empire. This apparatus included the office (daftar) of the diwan who was responsible for supervising the fiscal system of the empire. Thus revenue officials and record keepers penetrated the agricultural domain and became a decisive agent in shaping agrarian relations.… 6. Land Revenue System … The Mughal state tried to first acquire specific information about the extent of the agricultural lands in the empire and what these lands produced before fixing the burden of taxes on people. The land revenue arrangements consisted of two stages – first, assessment and then actual collection. The jama was the amount assessed, as opposed to hasil, the amount collected. In his list of duties of the amil-guzar or revenue collector, Akbar decreed that while he should strive to make cultivators pay in cash, the option of payment in kind was also to be kept open.…” |