What is the likely basis of the novel strategy used to prevent Meloidogyne incognita infection in tobacco plants?

RNA interference (RNAi)

The correct answer is Option (2) - RNA interference (RNAi)

A novel strategy was implemented to prevent the infestation of tobacco plants by the nematode Meloidogyne incognita, which is known to cause significant reductions in yield. This strategy was based on a natural cellular defense mechanism called RNA interference (RNAi), which occurs in all eukaryotic organisms, including plants and animals.

RNAi involves the silencing of specific mRNA molecules by using complementary double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules. These dsRNA molecules bind to the target mRNA and prevent its translation, effectively silencing the gene's expression. The complementary RNA used in this strategy can be obtained from various sources, such as infections by viruses with RNA genomes or mobile genetic elements (transposons) that replicate through an RNA intermediate.

By introducing synthetic dsRNA molecules that target essential genes in Meloidogyne incognita, the nematode's ability to infest tobacco plant roots is disrupted. As a result, the nematodes are unable to cause damage to the tobacco plants, leading to improved crop yield and protection against infestation.

This RNA interference-based approach provides a targeted and environmentally friendly method to combat nematode infestations, which are known to parasitize a wide range of plants and animals, including humans.