The correct answer is Option 1 - Government of India Act 1919
The British passed the Government of India Act of 1919, commonly called the Montague-Chelmsford Reforms. According to this Act, the Central Government remained answerable to the British Parliament.
The Government of India Act of 1919, also known as the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms (after Secretary of State Edwin Montagu and Viceroy Lord Chelmsford), was a significant piece of legislation passed by the British Parliament. Here's a breakdown of its key features:
Background:
Enacted in 1919. Aimed to increase Indian participation in the governance of British India. Marked the beginning of a gradual process towards self-government. Key Provisions:
Diarchy in Provinces: Introduced a dual system of administration in major provinces. Transferred Subjects: Certain areas like education, public health, and agriculture were placed under the control of Indian ministers responsible to elected provincial legislatures. Reserved Subjects: Subjects like defense, finance, and law remained under the control of the British Governor and his executive council. Expanded Legislative Councils: Increased the number of Indians elected to the central and provincial legislative councils. Franchise Expansion: While still limited, the Act broadened the franchise to include more Indians in the electoral process. Establishment of Public Service Commission: Introduced a commission for the recruitment of civil servants, aiming for a more impartial process. Review Clause: Provided for a review of the Act's working after ten years, which led to the Simon Commission in 1927. |