Read the following passage and answer the question.

Mona is a production manager in a company. She wants to improve performance of shop floor level in the factory. For this, she takes many steps. She separates planning and execution functions and appoints planning in-charge and production in-charge under her subordination.

She eliminated superfluous varieties, sizes and dimensions of product lines. She keeps a continuous watch on body movements of workers of the factory and places them in three categories of productive, incidental and unproductive movements. She instructs workers to discontinue unproductive movements.

On the basis of a study, she decided the amount and frequency of rest intervals for workers.

All these steps gave positive result and factory production increased significantly in both quality and quantity teams.

Which technique of scientific management is highlighted in the phrase 'she separates planning and execution functions and appoints planning and execution functions and appoints planning in-charge and production in-charge'?

Functional Foremanship

The correct answer is option (2) : Functional Foremanship

The technique of scientific management highlighted in the phrase "she separates planning and execution functions and appoints planning in-charge and production in-charge" is Functional Foremanship.

Functional Foremanship is a key concept in scientific management introduced by Frederick W. Taylor. In the factory system, the foreman represents the managerial figure with whom the workers are in face-to-face contact on a daily basis. Foreman is the lowest-ranking manager and the highest-ranking worker. He is the pivot around whom revolves the entire production, planning, implementation and control. Thus, Taylor concentrated on improving the performance of this role in the factory set-up. In fact, he identified a list of qualities of a good foreman/supervisor and found that no single person could fit them all. This prompted him to suggest functional foremanship through eight persons. Taylor advocated the separation of planning and execution functions. This concept was extended to the lowest level of the shop floor.