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Abnormal behavior in the context of psychology encompasses a broad range of atypical patterns of thought, emotion, and behavior that deviate significantly from societal norms or cultural expectations. It's important to note that what is considered abnormal can vary across different cultures and time periods. The study of abnormal behavior is a fundamental component of clinical psychology, as it allows mental health professionals to understand, classify, and provide interventions for individuals experiencing psychological distress. Abnormal behavior can manifest in various forms, including but not limited to mood disorders like depression or bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders like generalized anxiety or obsessive-compulsive disorder, psychotic disorders like schizophrenia, and substance use disorders. It may involve symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, severe social withdrawal, or extreme phobias, all of which can significantly impact a person's daily functioning and overall well-being. Psychologists utilize various assessment tools, diagnostic criteria (such as the DSM-5), and clinical interviews to identify and categorize abnormal behaviors. This process helps determine the nature and severity of the disorder, allowing for tailored treatment approaches. Effective interventions often include psychotherapy, medication, or a combination of both, with the goal of reducing symptoms, improving functioning, and enhancing the individual's overall quality of life. Recognizing and addressing abnormal behavior is essential not only for the affected individuals but also for society as a whole. By providing appropriate support and treatment, psychologists and mental health professionals can help individuals regain control over their lives, reduce suffering, and reintegrate into their communities, ultimately promoting mental well-being and reducing the stigma surrounding mental health issues. The study of abnormal behavior continues to evolve, deepening our understanding of the complex interplay between biological, psychological, and environmental factors that contribute to mental health disorders. |
Which of the following is the oldest and most famous psychological model? |
cognitive humanistic-existential model psychodynamic behavioural |
psychodynamic |
The psychological models include the psychodynamic, behavioural, cognitive, and humanistic-existential models. The psychodynamic model is the oldest and most famous of the modern psychological models. Psychodynamic theorists believe that behaviour, whether normal or abnormal, is determined by psychological forces within the person of which s/he is not consciously aware. These internal forces are considered dynamic, i.e. they interact with one another and their interaction gives shape to behaviour, thoughts and emotions. Abnormal symptoms are viewed as the result of conflicts between these forces. This model was first formulated by Freud who believed that three central forces shape personality — instinctual needs, drives and impulses (id), rational thinking (ego), and moral standards (superego). Freud stated that abnormal behaviour is a symbolic expression of unconscious mental conflicts that can be generally traced to early childhood or infancy. |
