Match Column I with Column II

i-c; ii-d; iii-b; iv-a

The correct answer is option 1. i-c; ii-d; iii-b; iv-a.

1. Dispersion medium moves in an electric field (c. Electro-osmosis): When an electric field is applied across a capillary containing a charged stationary liquid (dispersion medium), the liquid moves along the walls due to friction with the charged surface. This phenomenon is called electro-osmosis.
2. Solvent molecules pass through semipermeable membrane towards solvent side (d. Reverse osmosis): Reverse osmosis involves applying pressure to a concentrated solution to force solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane in the opposite direction of their natural flow (from dilute to concentrated solution). The solvent molecules move towards the pure solvent side.
3. Movement of charged colloidal particles under the influence of applied electric potential towards oppositely charged electrodes (b. Electrophoresis): When a suspension of charged colloidal particles is placed in an electric field, the particles migrate towards the electrode with the opposite charge. This movement of charged colloids under the influence of an electric field is called electrophoresis.
4. Solvent molecules pass through semipermeable membrane towards solution side (a. Osmosis): Osmosis is the natural tendency of solvent molecules to move through a semipermeable membrane from a region of low solute concentration (high solvent concentration) to a region of high solute concentration (low solvent concentration). The solvent molecules move towards the side with the higher concentration of solute.