What is the common name of \(CHCl_3\)?

Chloroform

The correct answer is option 1. Chloroform.

Chloroform, commonly known by its chemical formula \(CHCl_3\), is a volatile organic compound composed of one carbon atom \((C)\), one hydrogen atom \((H)\), and three chlorine atoms \((Cl)\). Here's an explanation:

1. Composition: The chemical formula \(CHCl_3\) indicates that chloroform contains one carbon atom \((C)\), one hydrogen atom \((H)\), and three chlorine atoms \((Cl)\). The arrangement of these atoms gives chloroform its molecular structure.

2. Physical Properties: Chloroform is a colorless, volatile liquid with a sweet, pleasant odor. It is relatively non-polar and has a density greater than that of water. Chloroform was historically used as an anesthetic, but its use for this purpose has declined due to safety concerns.

3. Chemical Properties: Chloroform is a halogenated organic compound, meaning it contains one or more halogen atoms (in this case, chlorine). It is relatively stable under normal conditions but can react with certain chemicals under appropriate conditions.

4. Common Name:  The common name for \(CHCl_3\) is chloroform. It is widely known by this name in both scientific and everyday contexts. Chloroform is used in various industrial applications, including as a solvent, a reagent in chemical synthesis, and a precursor to other compounds.

5. Health and Environmental Concerns: Chloroform is considered hazardous and toxic. Prolonged exposure to chloroform can have harmful effects on health, including liver and kidney damage. It is also an environmental pollutant and is regulated due to its potential impact on ecosystems and human health.

In summary, chloroform, with the chemical formula \(CHCl_3\), is a volatile organic compound commonly known by its common name. It has various industrial applications but is also associated with health and environmental concerns due to its toxicity and potential adverse effects.