Characteristics of entrepreneurship include:

A. Lawful and purposeful Activity
B. Low level of risk
C. Innovation
D. Systematic Activity
E. Organisation of production

Choose the correct answer from the options given below.

A, C, D and E only

The correct answer is Option (4) - A, C, D and E only.

There is high risk- It is generally believed that entrepreneurs take high risks. Yes, individuals opting for a career in entrepreneurship take a bigger risk that involved in a career in employment or practice of a profession as there is no “assured” payoff. In practice, for example, when a person quits a job to start on his own, he tries to calculate whether he or she would be able to earn the same level of income or not. To an observer, the risk of quitting a well-entrenched and promising career seems a “high” risk, but what the person has taken is a calculated risk. The situation is similarly to a motorcyclist in the ‘ring of death’ or a trapeze artist in circus. While the spectators are in the awe of the high-risk, the artists have taken a calculated risk given their training, skills, and of course, confidence and daring. It is said that the entrepreneurs thrive on circumstances where odds favouring and against success area even, that is 50:50 situations. They are so sure of their capabilities that they convert 50% chances into 100% success. They avoid situations with higher risks as they hate failure as anyone would do; they dislike lower risk situations as business ceases to be a game/fun! Risk as such more than a financial stake, becomes a matter of personal stake, where less than expected performance causes displeasure and distress.

CHARACTERISTICS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP :

1. Systematic Activity: Entrepreneurship is not a mysterious gift or charm and something that happens by chance! It is a systematic, step-by step and purposeful activity.
2. Lawful and Purposeful Activity: The object of entrepreneurship is lawful business. It is important to take note of this as one may try to legitimise unlawful actions as entrepreneurship on the grounds that just as entrepreneurship entails risk, so does illicit businesses. Purpose of entrepreneurship is creation of value for personal profit and social gain.
3. Innovation: Entrepreneurship is creative in the sense that it involves innovation introduction of new products, discovery of new markets and sources of supply of inputs, technological breakthroughs as well as introduction of newer organisational forms for doing things better, cheaper, faster.
4. Organisation of Production: Production, implying creation of form, place, time personal utility, requires the combined utilisation of diverse factors of production, land, labour, capital and technology. Entrepreneur, in response to a perceived business opportunity mobilises these resources into a productive enterprise or firm.
5. Risk-taking: As the entrepreneur contracts for an assured supply of the various inputs for his project, he incurs the risk of paying them off whether or not the venture succeeds. Thus, landowner gets the contracted rent, capital providers gets the contracted interest, and the workforce gets the contracted wages and salaries. However, there is no assurance of profit to the entrepreneur.