The correct answer is Option (1) → Caste is not determined by birth
Option (1) Caste is not determined by birth — False. The first defining feature of caste is the reverse: caste is determined by birth – a child is “born into” the caste of its parents. Caste is never a matter of choice; one can never change one’s caste, leave it, or choose not to join it.
Option (2) There is hierarchy within caste — True. Caste involves a system of many castes arranged in a hierarchy of rank and status, and castes also have sub-divisions within themselves, the sub-castes.
Option (3) Caste is endogamous group — True. Membership in a caste involves strict rules about marriage: caste groups are “endogamous”, i.e. marriage is restricted to members of the group.
Option (4) Caste is traditionally linked to occupation — True. Castes were traditionally linked to occupations: a person born into a caste could only practise the occupation associated with that caste.
NCERT (2025-26): “3.1 Caste and the Caste System … The most commonly cited defining features of caste are the following: 1. Caste is determined by birth – a child is ‘born into’ the caste of its parents. Caste is never a matter of choice. One can never change one’s caste, leave it, or choose not to join it, although there are instances where a person may be expelled from their caste.… 2. Membership in a caste involves strict rules about marriage. Caste groups are ‘endogamous’, i.e. marriage is restricted to members of the group. 3. Caste membership also involves rules about food and food-sharing. What kinds of food may or may not be eaten is prescribed and who one may share food with is also specified. 4. Caste involves a system consisting of many castes arranged in a hierarchy of rank and status. In theory, every person has a caste, and every caste has a specified place in the hierarchy of all castes. While the hierarchical position of many castes, particularly in the middle ranks, may vary from region to region, there is always a hierarchy. 5. Castes also involve sub-divisions within themselves, i.e., castes almost always have sub-castes and sometimes sub-castes may also have sub-castes. This is referred to as a segmental organisation. 6. Castes were traditionally linked to occupations. A person born into a caste could only practice the occupation associated with that caste, so that occupations were hereditary, i.e. passed on from generation to generation.”
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