Which of the following are examples of media-related influences?
(A) Audio-visual media
(B) Reference groups
(C) Internet
(D) Personal experiences
(E) Textbooks
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → (A), (C) and (E) only
(A) Audio-visual media Correct. Technological advances have made audio-visual media a very powerful source of information that leads to attitude formation and change.
(B) Reference groups Incorrect. Reference groups are a separate factor. They show a person the norms regarding acceptable behaviour and ways of thinking, especially in early adolescence, so attitudes are learnt from the group, not from the media.
(C) Internet Correct. The Internet is named together with audio-visual media as a very powerful source of information shaping attitudes.
(D) Personal experiences Incorrect. Personal experiences are another separate factor. Many attitudes are formed through direct experiences that bring a drastic change, such as an army driver who narrowly escaped death and changed his life. Such experiences are lived, not received through the media.
(E) Textbooks Correct. Along with the media, school-level books for students also influence attitude formation; they first strengthen the cognitive and affective components of attitudes.
NCERT (2025-26): “Factors that Influence Attitude Formation … Media-related Influences : Technological advances in recent times have made audio-visual media and the Internet very powerful sources of information that lead to attitude formation and change. In addition, school level textbooks also influence attitude formation. These sources first strengthen the cognitive and affective components of attitudes, and subsequently may also affect the behavioural component.…” “…2. Reference Groups : Reference groups indicate to an individual the norms regarding acceptable behaviour and ways of thinking.…” |