Which of the following is considered as injection of money in the economy's circular flow of income?

Investments

The correct answer is option (2) : Investments

In economics, an injection refers to an addition of spending into the circular flow of income within an economy. It represents funds that are added to the economy, stimulating economic activity and potentially increasing overall output and income levels. Injections include:

• Investments: Spending by firms or governments on capital goods (machinery, buildings, infrastructure) and financial assets (stocks, bonds).
• Government spending: Expenditures by the government on goods and services, such as defense, education, healthcare, and infrastructure.
• Exports: Revenue generated from selling domestic goods and services to foreign markets, bringing in foreign currency.

Savings, taxes, and  imports are examples of leakage. They are drawn from circular flow diagrams, so they cannot be used to generate further output.

LEAKAGE: It means to withdraw money from the circular flow of an economy. Leakage from the circular flow of income of an economy happens when the firms and households  save a part of their incomes. Therefore, the leakage or withdrawal is that part of the income of an economy that does not pass through the circular flow of income, resulting in the unavailability of that money for spending on the goods and services produced recently. Thus, it can be said that leakages reduce the flow of income in an economy.