Choose the correct statements related to Permanent Settlement among the following:
(A) Permanent Settlement was introduced in 1793.
(B) The regions where Permanent Settlement was established permanently were Madras and Bombay Presidencies.
(C) The revenue fixed under Permanent Settlement was very high.
(D) Frequent auctions and loss of land entitlement was a prominent feature of Permanent Settlement.
(E) The class that reaped maximum monetary benefit of Permanent Settlement was the class of peasantry.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option (3) → (A), (C), (D) Only
(A) Permanent Settlement was introduced in 1793. Correct. The Permanent Settlement came into operation in 1793, fixing the revenue each zamindar had to pay.
(B) The regions where Permanent Settlement was established permanently were Madras and Bombay Presidencies. Incorrect. The settlement was made in Bengal and was rarely extended to any region beyond it. In the Bombay Deccan a different system, the ryotwari settlement, was introduced.
(C) The revenue fixed under Permanent Settlement was very high. Correct. The initial demands were very high, because the Company expected never again to share in the increased income from land once the demand was fixed for all time.
(D) Frequent auctions and loss of land entitlement was a prominent feature of Permanent Settlement. Correct. The estates of zamindars who failed to pay the revenue were auctioned, and over 75 per cent of the zamindaris changed hands after the Permanent Settlement.
(E) The class that reaped maximum monetary benefit of Permanent Settlement was the class of peasantry. Incorrect. The settlement was made with the zamindars, not the peasants; the ryots paid rent to the zamindar, and bad harvests and low prices often made the payment difficult for them. The group that grew powerful in the villages was a small one, the jotedars or rich peasants, not the peasantry as a whole.
NCERT (2026-27): “1.1 An auction in Burdwan … The Permanent Settlement had come into operation in 1793. The East India Company had fixed the revenue that each zamindar had to pay. The estates of those who failed to pay were to be auctioned to recover the revenue.… 1.2 The problem of unpaid revenue … The estates of the Burdwan raj were not the only ones sold during the closing years of the eighteenth century. Over 75 per cent of the zamindaris changed hands after the Permanent Settlement.… 1.3 Why zamindars defaulted on payments … The reasons for this failure were various. First: the initial demands were very high. This was because it was felt that if the demand was fixed for all time to come, the Company would never be able to claim a share of increased income from land when prices rose and cultivation expanded.… 1.3 Why zamindars defaulted on payments … Sometimes bad harvests and low prices made payment of dues difficult for the ryots.… 3.2 A new revenue system … As British rule expanded from Bengal to other parts of India, new systems of revenue were imposed. The Permanent Settlement was rarely extended to any region beyond Bengal.…” |