Practicing Success
Statement I: Half-life period is always independent of initial concentration Statement II: Half-life period is inversely proportional to rate constant |
Statement I and statement II are correct and statement II is correct explanation of statement I Statement I and statement II are correct but statement II is not the correct explanation of statement I Statement I is true but statement II is false Statement I is false but statement II is correct |
Statement I is false but statement II is correct |
The correct answer is option 4. Statement I is false but statement II is correct. Statement I: Half-life period is always independent of initial concentration. The half-life (\( t_{1/2} \)) of a reaction is the time required for the concentration of a reactant to decrease to half of its initial concentration. The independence of half-life from initial concentration is true only for first-order reactions. For first-order reactions: \(t_{1/2} = \frac{\ln 2}{k}\) Here, \( t_{1/2} \) is indeed independent of the initial concentration \([A]_0\).However, for other orders of reactions, the half-life does depend on the initial concentration: Zero-order reactions: \(t_{1/2} = \frac{[A]_0}{2k}\) Here, \( t_{1/2} \) is directly proportional to the initial concentration \([A]_0\). Second-order reactions: \(t_{1/2} = \frac{1}{k[A]_0}\) Here, \( t_{1/2} \) is inversely proportional to the initial concentration \([A]_0\). Because the half-life is not always independent of the initial concentration (it is only independent for first-order reactions), Statement I is false. Statement II: Half-life period is inversely proportional to rate constant This statement refers to the relationship between the half-life \( t_{1/2} \) and the rate constant \( k \). For first-order reactions, this relationship is: \(t_{1/2} = \frac{\ln 2}{k}\) This shows that the half-life is inversely proportional to the rate constant \( k \). For zero-order reactions: \(t_{1/2} = \frac{[A]_0}{2k}\) Here, the half-life is still inversely proportional to \( k \), but it also depends on the initial concentration \([A]_0\). For second-order reactions: \(t_{1/2} = \frac{1}{k[A]_0}\) Again, the half-life is inversely proportional to \( k \), but it is also inversely proportional to the initial concentration \([A]_0\). Therefore, while the statement is strictly true for first-order reactions, it also correctly states the inverse proportionality for zero-order and second-order reactions, albeit with additional dependencies on the initial concentration. Hence, Statement II is correct. Conclusion: Statement I is not universally true (it's only true for first-order reactions), it is false. Statement II correctly describes the inverse relationship between the half-life and the rate constant, making it true. The correct answer is: Statement I is false but statement II is correct. |