When the speed of any object exceeds the speed of sound, it is said to be travelling at .............

Supersonic speed

The correct answer is option 3. Supersonic speed.

Supersonic speed refers to speeds that exceed the speed of sound in the medium through which the object is traveling. The speed of sound is the speed at which pressure waves, known as sound waves, propagate through a medium, such as air or water. In air at sea level and standard conditions, the speed of sound is approximately 343 meters per second (1235 kilometers per hour or 767 miles per hour). When an object travels faster than the speed of sound, it is said to be traveling at supersonic speed.

At supersonic speeds, the object generates shock waves and sonic booms due to its rapid motion through the air. Shock waves are intense pressure waves that form around the object as it exceeds the speed of sound. These shock waves can cause a sudden increase in pressure and temperature, leading to aerodynamic effects and disturbances. A sonic boom is the sound produced by the shock waves as they propagate through the air. It is heard as a loud noise, often described as a thunderous clap or boom, and is generated when an object travels faster than the speed of sound.

Supersonic flight has various applications, including military aircraft, commercial aviation (such as the Concorde), and high-speed projectiles. Military aircraft, such as fighter jets, often operate at supersonic speeds to achieve rapid maneuverability and to outpace adversaries. Commercial supersonic aircraft, like the Concorde, were developed for high-speed passenger travel, reducing flight times for long-distance journeys. Supersonic projectiles, such as bullets and missiles, utilize high-speed propulsion systems to achieve increased range, accuracy, and lethality.

Achieving and sustaining supersonic flight poses technical challenges, including aerodynamic design, propulsion systems, materials engineering, and noise reduction. Supersonic flight also requires specialized training for pilots and crew members to handle the unique aerodynamic forces and operating conditions encountered at high speeds.

In summary, supersonic speed refers to speeds that exceed the speed of sound in a medium. It is associated with phenomena such as shock waves and sonic booms and has applications in military aviation, commercial aviation, and high-speed projectiles. Achieving and sustaining supersonic flight pose technical and operational challenges but offer significant advantages in terms of speed and performance.