Social exclusion is.

Structural

The correct answer is Option (4) → Structural

Social exclusion refers to the systematic process by which individuals or groups are marginalized or prevented from fully participating in social, economic, political, and cultural life within a society. It is not accidental, voluntary, or non-systematic; rather, it is a result of structural factors and systemic inequalities embedded within society. Social exclusion is rooted in structural inequalities within society. These inequalities are often based on factors such as socioeconomic status, race, ethnicity, gender, religion, disability, or age. Structural factors include discriminatory policies, unequal access to resources and opportunities, and societal norms that perpetuate exclusionary practices.

The other options does not describe social exclusion:

• Accidental: Social exclusion is not usually a random event. It's a result of underlying social structures and processes.
• Voluntary: While individuals might choose to isolate themselves, social exclusion is often imposed on them due to societal factors.
• Non-systematic: Social exclusion is often systematic, meaning it's a recurring pattern within a society.