Who among the following did NOT advocate a militant opposition to British colonial rule in India?

Mohammad Ali Jinnah

The correct answer is Option (1) → Mohammad Ali Jinnah

Mohammad Ali Jinnah, in the early years of his political career, did not advocate a militant opposition to British colonial rule in India. Instead, he initially worked within the constitutional framework and was associated with the Indian National Congress. Jinnah was known for his efforts to seek constitutional reforms and political rights for Indians within the British Empire. Jinnah's political stance evolved over time. The turning point came during and after the events of 1919, particularly the Jallianwala Bagh massacre and the aftermath of the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms. Dissatisfaction with the treatment of Muslims within the Congress and the political landscape of India led him to shift towards a more assertive demand for separate electorates for Muslims. By the time of the 1940 Lahore Resolution, Jinnah had adopted a more militant stance, calling for the creation of a separate nation for Muslims, which eventually led to the establishment of Pakistan in 1947. However, it's essential to note that Jinnah's early political career was marked by constitutional methods and cooperation with the Congress in the struggle for Indian political rights.

So, the correct option is [1].