Match the following options in List 1 correctly with those in List 2:

Choose the correct answer from the given options:

(i)–(c), (ii)–(d), (iii)–(a), (iv)–(b)

The correct answer is Option 3 - (i)–(c), (ii)–(d), (iii)–(a), (iv)–(b)

Explanation:

Mikhail Gorbachev, who assumed the role of the last leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991, is renowned for ushering in a transformative era characterized by innovative economic and political reforms encapsulated in "perestroika" (restructuring) and "glasnost" (openness). His leadership marked a pivotal shift in the Cold War dynamic, as he actively worked to halt the arms race with the United States and initiated the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan and Eastern Europe.

The collapse of communism was followed in most of these countries by a painful process of transition from an authoritarian socialist system to a democratic capitalist system. The model of transition in Russia, Central Asia and east Europe that was influenced by the World Bank and the IMF came to be known as ‘shock therapy’. Each of these countries was required to make a total shift to a capitalist economy, which meant rooting out completely any structures evolved during the Soviet period- collective farming, public ownership of property, state controlled economy etc.

After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Russia was accepted as the successor of the state of the Soviet Union.

Boris Yeltsin (1931-2007) was the inaugural democratically elected President of Russia, serving from 1991 to 1999.