Read the following passage and answer the question by choosing the correct option :-

Trauma means 'a deeply distressing or disturbing experience.' Have you ever experienced trauma? If so, how did you deal with it? A traumatic experience such as a car accident or a natural disaster may last only for a short time, while other traumatic experiences such as war, persecution, bullying, discrimination, and so on can last for a long time. One thing common to all these traumatic experiences is its lasting effect. People who have experienced a form of trauma often have to deal with their pain for a long time afterwards. The damaging effect of trauma may lead people to change their identity:

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder caused by very stressful, frightening or distressing events, or trauma, Someone with PTSD often relives the traumatic event through nightmares and flashbacks. and may experience feelings of isolation, irritability and guilt. They may also have problems sleeping (insomnia) and find concentrating difficult. These symptoms are often severe and persistent enough to have significant impact on the person's day-to-day life.

Here are some types of events that can cause PTSD:

• Serious road accidents
• Violent personal assaults, such as sexual assault, mugging or robbery
• Prolonged sexual abuse, violence or severe neglect
• Witnessing violent deaths
• Military combat
• Being held hostage
• Terrorist attacks
• Natural disasters, such as severe floods, earthquakes or tsunamis.

Do you know anyone who has experienced any of the above? How can you help someone who has suffered trauma?

Which one out of the following is not the outcome of PTSD?

personal assault

The correct answer is OPTION 3 personal assault

"Personal assault" is not typically considered an outcome of PTSD itself; rather, it is one of the traumatic events that can lead to the development of PTSD.

PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder) is an anxiety disorder that can result from exposure to distressing events, such as personal assault, serious accidents, violence, or other traumatic experiences. The outcomes of PTSD often include symptoms like nightmares and flashbacks, insomnia, feelings of isolation, irritability, guilt, and difficulties with concentration. "Personal assault" is more appropriately categorized as a potential traumatic event that may lead to the development of PTSD rather than an outcome of PTSD itself.