Insulin deficiency in human beings causes diabetes. Excess of which hormone causes an increase in blood pressure?
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 1
The correct answer is Option (1) → Adrenal Cortex hormones
The adrenal cortex releases two groups of steroid hormones: the glucocorticoids, which control carbohydrate metabolism, modulate inflammatory reactions and act in stress, and the mineralocorticoids (mainly aldosterone), which control the excretion of water and salt by the kidney. An excess of these hormones makes the kidney retain sodium ions and water, so the blood volume increases and the blood pressure rises.
Why the other options are incorrect
Option (2) Steroid hormones — Incorrect. This is the whole class, which also includes the sex hormones (testosterone, estradiol, progesterone) that control sexual characteristics, not blood pressure; the specific group is the adrenal cortex hormones.
Option (3) Thyroid hormones — Incorrect. Thyroxine regulates the rate of metabolism; too much causes hyperthyroidism, too little hypothyroidism.
Option (4) Corpus luteum hormones — Incorrect. Progesterone prepares the uterus for implantation of the fertilised egg and maintains pregnancy.
NCERT (2026-27 edition):
Hormones – “… Steroid hormones are produced by adrenal cortex and gonads (testes in males and ovaries in females). Hormones released by the adrenal cortex play very important role in the functions of the body. For example, glucocorticoids control the carbohydrate metabolism, modulate inflammatory reactions, and are involved in reactions to stress. The mineralocorticoids control the level of excretion of water and salt by the kidney.”