Which of the following statements best describes stereotypes?

The correct answer is Option 1: Generalised and rigid beliefs that assign the same characteristics to all members of a social group.

Option 1: Generalised and rigid beliefs that assign the same characteristics to all members of a social group. Correct. Stereotypes involve attributing fixed characteristics to an entire group without considering the uniqueness of individuals.

Option 2: Negative attitudes or opinions formed about a group before acquiring sufficient knowledge about it. Incorrect. This describes prejudice, which refers to preconceived attitudes or opinions about a group rather than fixed generalisations about its members.

Option 3: Unequal treatment of individuals or groups based on preconceived beliefs about them. Incorrect. This describes discrimination, which involves actions or behaviour resulting from prejudices or stereotypes.

Option 4: The denial of opportunities to certain groups through institutional arrangements. Incorrect. This describes social exclusion, where individuals or groups are prevented from participating fully in different spheres of society.