Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).

Assertion (A): The non traditional conceptions of security- both human and global- focus on the changing nature of threats to security.

Reason (R): Terrorism, Human Rights, Global Poverty, Migration and Health epidemics are examples of the growing interdependence of states, and the need for international cooperation.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

The correct answer is option (1) - Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

Here's why:

• Assertion (A) is correct: Non-traditional security focuses on threats beyond military conflict, encompassing human, environmental, and economic well-being. These threats often change and evolve.  Proponents of non-traditional security seeks security ‘Not just the state but also for individuals or communities or indeed all of humankind’. Nontraditional views of security have been called ‘human security’ or ‘global security’.
• Reason (R) is correct and explains (A): Terrorism, human rights violations, global poverty, uncontrolled migration, and health pandemics all highlight the interconnectedness of the world. When one country faces these issues, it can destabilize others, requiring international cooperation for solutions. This interdependence creates new security concerns that traditional military might cannot fully address.

In this case, the reason directly explains why non-traditional security concepts focus on changing threats – because these threats are often transnational and require a broader approach than just military defense.