The correct answer is Option (1) → Propane-1,2,3-triol
Glycerol (also known as glycerin or glycerine) is a simple polyol compound. Its structure consists of a three-carbon chain where each carbon atom is bonded to one hydroxyl ($-OH$) group.
Why this is the IUPAC Name:
- Parent Chain: The longest carbon chain contains three carbon atoms, which corresponds to the prefix propane.
- Functional Group: There are three hydroxyl groups, so the suffix -triol is used.
- Numbering: The carbon atoms are numbered 1, 2, and 3. Since there is one $-OH$ group on each carbon, their positions are indicated as 1, 2, 3.
- Final Combination: Putting it all together, we get Propane-1,2,3-triol. Note that the "e" in propane is retained because the suffix begins with a consonant ("t" in triol).
Comparison with Other Options:
- Butane-1,2,3-triol: This would describe a four-carbon chain with three $-OH$ groups.
- Ethane-1,2-diol: This is the IUPAC name for ethylene glycol (antifreeze).
- Propane-1,2-diol: This is the IUPAC name for propylene glycol.
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