Read the passage and answer the following question.

The scope of sociological study is extremely wide. It can focus its analysis of interactions between individuals such as that of a shopkeeper with a customer, between teachers and students, between two friends or family members. It can likewise focus on national issues such as unemployment or caste conflict or the effect of state polices on forest rights of the tribal population or rural indebtedness. Or examine global social processes such as: the impact of new flexible labour regulations on the working class; or that of the electronic media on the young; or the entry of foreign universities on the education system of the country. What defines the discipline of sociology is therefore not just what it studies (i.e. family or trade unions or villages) but how it studies a chosen field.

The effect of globalisation in India can be identified as _______________.

Opening up of new opportunities and loss of livelihood

The correct answer is Option (1) → Opening up of new opportunities and loss of livelihood.

Globalization often leads to the opening up of new markets, opportunities, and avenues for economic growth. For instance, foreign investments, international trade, and technological advancements may create new job opportunities and boost economic development. However, at the same time, globalization can also lead to the loss of traditional livelihoods, especially in sectors that face increased competition from foreign goods or services. For example, traditional artisans or small-scale farmers may struggle to compete with cheaper imported products, leading to a loss of livelihood for some individuals or communities.

This duality of opportunities and challenges encapsulates the impact of globalization in India, where the integration into the global economy has brought both benefits and drawbacks, shaping various aspects of society, economy, and culture.