Match the following Archaeologists in List 1 with the Description associated with them in List 2:

Choose the correct answer from the given options:

(A)- III, (B)- IV, (C)- II, (D)- I

The correct answer is Option 1 - (A)- III, (B)- IV, (C)- II, (D)- I

The correct match is:

Explanation:

In the 1960s, George Dales questioned the evidence of a massacre in Mohenjodaro. He argued that the skeletons did not belong to the same period and that the majority of bones seemed to be buried in a careless and disrespectful manner. There was no evidence of extensive destruction, no signs of extensive burning & no bodies of warriors were found clad in armour or surrounded by weapons of war. Thus he vehemently refuted the Aryan invasion theory as the reason for the extinction of the Harappan Civilization.

Due to his specific focus on later periods and the limited understanding of ancient Indian history at the time, Cunningham overlooked the importance and age of Harappa. It was only later that the significance of the Harappan civilization and its artifacts became recognized through further research and exploration.

John Marshall’s stint as Director-General of the ASI marked a major change in Indian archaeology. He was the first professional archaeologist to work in India, and brought his experience of working in Greece and Crete to the field. More importantly, though like Cunningham he too was interested in spectacular finds, he was equally keen to look for patterns of everyday life. Marshall tended to excavate along regular horizontal units, measured uniformly throughout the mound, ignoring the stratigraphy of the site. This meant that all the artefacts recovered from the same unit were grouped together, even if they were found at different stratigraphic layers.

This is what Mackay, one of the earliest excavators, had to say about these stones (linga): Various small cones made of lapis lazuli, jasper, chalcedony, and other stones, most beautifully cut and finished, and less than two inches in height, are also thought to be lingas … on the other hand, it is just as possible that they were used in the board-games … (From ERNEST MACKAY, Early Indus Civilisation, 1948).