The correct answer is option 4:None of the above
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Old age pension: Old age pension refers to regular payments made to retired individuals, usually by the government or pension plans. This payment represents a transfer of income and is not included in national income.
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Employees' contribution to social security schemes → Not included. Employee's own contribution is deducted from their salary; it's not an extra payment by the employer. Thus, it is not separately added in national income. (Only employer's contribution to social security is included.)
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Second-hand cars: Second-hand cars represent the sale of used goods and are typically not included in national income calculations. National income focuses on the production of new goods and services within a country's borders during a specific period.
