With which of the following idea was modernization not associated with in India?

Population growth

It was and continues to remain common for people to refer to the ‘West’ as the standard for measuring development.
Many experts and people believed ‘Development’ was about becoming more ‘modern’ and modern was about becoming more like the industrialized countries of the West.
It was believed that every country would go through the process of modernization as in the West, which involved the breakdown of traditional social structures and the rise of capitalism and liberalism.
Modernization was also associated with the ideas of growth, material progress, and scientific rationality.
This kind of idea of development allowed everyone to talk about different countries as developed, developing, or underdeveloped.