The correct answer is Option 4 - (a)- ii, (b)- iii, (c)- iv, (d)- i
The correct match is:
| List 1 |
List 2 |
| (a) The Department of Defence Production was established in India |
(ii) November 1962 |
| (b) India's first nuclear explosion |
(iii) May 1974 |
| (c) Department of Defence Supplies was established in India |
(iv) November 1965 |
| (d) China's Nuclear test |
(i) October 1964 |
Explanation:
The Department of Defence Production was established in India- November 1962.
India's first nuclear explosion- May 1974, peaceful in nature.
Department of Defence Supplies was established in India -November 1965.
China's Nuclear test in October- 1964, became a P5 member.
India, with its limited resources, had initiated development planning. However, conflicts with neighbours derailed the five-year plans. The scarce resources were diverted to the defence sector especially after 1962, as India had to embark on a military modernisation drive. The Department of Defence Production was established in November 1962 and the Department of Defence Supplies in November 1965. The Third Plan (1961-66) was affected and it was followed by three Annual Plans and the Fourth Plan could be initiated only in 1969. India’s defence expenditure increased enormously after the wars.
Another crucial development of the 1970s was the first nuclear explosion undertaken by India in May 1974. Nehru had always put his faith in science and technology for rapidly building a modern India. A significant component of his industrialisation plans was the nuclear programme initiated in the late 1940s under the guidance of Homi J. Bhabha. India wanted to generate atomic energy for peaceful purposes. Nehru was against nuclear weapons. So he pleaded with the superpowers for comprehensive nuclear disarmament. However, the nuclear arsenal kept rising. When Communist China conducted nuclear tests in October 1964, the five nuclear weapon powers, the US, USSR, UK, France and China (Taiwan then represented China)- also the five permanent members of the UN security council- tried to impose the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT) of 1968 on the rest of the world. India always considered the NPT as discriminatory and refused to sign it.
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