On the basis of the passage given below, Answer the questions.

Everyone realised that Kalyani Joshi was extremely ambitious and was seeking a higher-level management position. When one of her sales representatives did a good job, she would attempt to take the credit. However, if a problem arose, she thought it was not her fault. For Adarsh, the general manager, providing good and effective direction is a challenging task as it involves many complexities. Adarsh, the general manager, has to deal with people like Kalyani Joshi with diverse backgrounds and expectations. This complicates the directing process. Adarsh is of the viewpoint that directing techniques must help every individual in the organisation to contribute to his maximum for achievement of organisational objectives. Adarsh holds a convincing thought that employee rewards and work efficiency are complimentary to each other. Adarsh ensured that every person in his organisation should receive instructions from one superior only. Adarsh also ensured that appropriate motivational and leadership techniques should be used while directing the people based on subordinate needs, capabilities, attitudes and other situational variables. Adarsh tried to maintain effective managerial contact across all the levels in the organisation, making direction effective. He conveyed clear instructions to create total understanding to subordinates.

"Adarsh is of the viewpoint that directing techniques must help every individual in the organisation to contribute to his maximum for achievement of organisational objectives". Which of the following guiding principles of directing has been highlighted in the aforesaid statement?

Principle of maximum individual contribution

The correct answer is Option (1) → Principle of maximum individual contribution

• The statement says that directing techniques must ensure every individual contributes to his maximum for achievement of organizational objectives.

• This directly reflects the Principle of Maximum Individual Contribution, which emphasizes that the role of directing is to channelize the efforts of individuals so that they give their best towards organizational goals.