Read the passage and answer the question:

The Soviet Union became a great power after the Second World War. The Soviet economy was then more developed than the rest of the world except for the US. It had a complex communications network, vast energy resources including oil, iron and steel, machinery production, and a transport sector that connected its remotest areas with efficiency. It had a domestic consumer industry that produced everything from pins to cars, though their quality did not match that of the Western capitalist countries. The Soviet state ensured a minimum standard of living for all citizens, and the government subsidised basic necessities including health, education, childcare and other welfare schemes. State ownership was the dominant form of ownership: land and productive assets were owned and controlled by the Soviet state.

Why was there a need for reform within Soviet institutions?

 The institutions were bureaucratic and lacked accountability

The correct answer is Option 3-  The institutions were bureaucratic and lacked accountability

The Soviet institutions had become bureaucratic and unaccountable, with tight control by the Communist Party, creating inefficiencies and dissatisfaction among the people. This lack of accountability and rigidity led to calls for reform, making option 3 the correct answer.